What are the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression through epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modification?

Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. DNA methylation typically represses gene activity by adding methyl groups to cytosine residues, hindering transcription factor binding. Histone modifications, including acetylation and methylation, can either activate or repress transcription by modifying histone tails, thereby influencing chromatin accessibility.

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