Humanities

What are the main functions and responsibilities of the three branches of the United States government?The United States government is divided into three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch, composed of Congress, makes laws. The executive branch, led by the President, enforces laws. The judicial branch, headed by the Supreme Court, interprets laws and ensures they align with the Constitution.

How did the implementation and impact of the Marshall Plan contribute to the early stages of the Cold War and European recovery post-World War II?The Marshall Plan, initiated in 1948, provided over $12 billion in economic aid to Western European countries, facilitating rapid recovery and political stability. It countered Soviet influence, deepening Cold War divisions by promoting capitalist economies and democratic governments, thus strengthening Western alliances against the Eastern Bloc.

How does Herman Melville’s ‘Moby-Dick’ reflect the themes of existentialism and hubris against the backdrop of American Romanticism?Herman Melville’s ‘Moby-Dick’ reflects existentialism through its exploration of human insignificance in an indifferent universe, epitomized by the vast, uncaring ocean. The theme of hubris is embodied in Captain Ahab’s obsessive quest for the white whale, representing mankind’s overreaching ambition. These themes align with American Romanticism’s focus on individual experience, nature’s power, and the sublime.

What were the main causes of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, and how did it affect the lives of people during the 19th century?The Industrial Revolution in Europe was driven by technological innovations, availability of natural resources, economic changes, and political stability. It led to urbanization, improved transportation, and increased production. However, it also resulted in harsh working conditions, child labor, and environmental degradation, profoundly altering people’s lives.

Who painted the famous artwork ‘Starry Night’?The famous artwork ‘Starry Night’ was painted by Vincent van Gogh. Completed in 1889, it depicts a dreamy interpretation of the artist’s asylum room’s sweeping view of Saint-Rémy-de-Provence at night, although it was painted from memory during the day.

What were the main causes and consequences of the Industrial Revolution?The Industrial Revolution was driven by innovations in technology, agricultural improvements, and access to natural resources. It led to urbanization, economic growth, and improved living standards but also resulted in labor exploitation, environmental degradation, and social upheavals.

What is the difference between ethics and morality?Ethics refers to rules provided by an external source, such as codes of conduct in workplaces or principles in professions. Morality refers to an individual’s own principles regarding right and wrong. Ethics is often more systematic and codified, while morality is more personal and subjective.

How did the development of surrealism influence modern art and performance techniques in the 20th century?Surrealism profoundly impacted 20th-century modern art and performance by emphasizing the unconscious mind, dream imagery, and irrational juxtapositions. Artists like Salvador Dalí and René Magritte explored these themes, leading to innovative visual techniques. In performance, surrealism inspired avant-garde theater and film, emphasizing non-linear narratives and abstract expression.

What is the concept of utilitarianism, and how does it apply to ethical decision-making?Utilitarianism is a moral theory that advocates for actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the majority. In ethical decision-making, it involves evaluating the consequences of actions and choosing the one that results in the greatest good for the greatest number. This approach emphasizes outcomes and the overall welfare of society.

What are the main characteristics that define impressionist painting, and which are the well-known artists associated with this movement?Impressionist painting is characterized by short, thick strokes of paint; emphasis on light and its changing qualities; ordinary subject matter; inclusion of movement; unusual visual angles. Well-known artists include Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Camille Pissarro.