How does the autonomic nervous system regulate both sympathetic and parasympathetic responses to maintain homeostasis in the human body?

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) maintains homeostasis by regulating involuntary physiological responses. The sympathetic division prepares the body for ‘fight or flight’ situations by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and diverting blood to muscles. Conversely, the parasympathetic division promotes ‘rest and digest’ activities, slowing the heart rate, constricting pupils, and enhancing digestion. The ANS balances these opposing actions to maintain internal stability.

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